tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53842803425370176142024-03-18T20:44:38.445-07:00Ocean DegradationAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-25149646556433656812014-10-28T17:35:00.006-07:002014-10-28T17:35:55.470-07:00Red tide<ol style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #666666;"><i>Red algal bloom at Leigh near Cape Rdney</i></span></span></div>
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<i><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;">PHOTO BY MIRIAM GODFREY</span></i></div>
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<br />Red tide, also known as harmful algal blooms (HAB), is caused by algal blooms which discolour coastal water (Bruckner, 2014). Algal blooms usually arise due to excess nutrients released into water, encouraging rapid growth of algae. At the coast, favorable winds and waves push surface water offshore so deep water moves to the coast, bringing excess nutrients from the ocean to the surface (EPA, 2014). As a results, these excess nutrients promote abundant algae growth in such coastal areas. Red tide can spread to other area by wind, waves, storms and ships, which transport the algae related to the bloom elsewhere (Bruckner, 2014).</li>
<li class="mod" style="border: 0px; clear: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 20px 20px 0px;"><br />A small percentage of algae produce toxins that can kill fish, shellfish, birds, mammals, and even humans (when consume poisoned shellfish or fish). Non-toxic algae can cause harm to marine wildlife. When large masses of algae die, decomposers take in oxygen to break down the dead matter, causing waters to become oxygen depleted and this leading to fish kills. </li>
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<b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 15.6000003814697px;">References</span></b></div>
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Bruckner, M. 2014. Red Tide - A Harmful Algal Bloom. [ONLINE] Available at:<a href="http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/redtide/index.html">http://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/topics/redtide/index.html</a>. [Accessed 29 October 14].</ol>
<ol style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br />EPA. 2014. Climate Change and Harmful Algal Blooms. [ONLINE] Available at:<a href="http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/climate-change-and-harmful-algal-blooms">http://www2.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/climate-change-and-harmful-algal-blooms</a>. [Accessed 29 October 14].</ol>
<ol style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><br />NOAA. 2014. Why do harmful algal blooms occur?. [ONLINE] Available at:<a href="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/why_habs.html">http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/why_habs.html</a>. [Accessed 29 October 14].
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-21614252253146520102014-10-26T18:12:00.003-07:002014-10-26T18:12:38.888-07:00Invasive Species<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbVIDCE3bfgNRJJoUv3rfW2E7UtnnDPI1ZRSzxk7HR0ipj5Z1tW1TiWuarbiwxJBqE-jcOOAXqLCTCAC6utXf95a6dKnpvTSANgSc3jQeA4PLgScMKHCTTD0sSJivOVWgfkc6awBKoBeU/s1600/LIONFISH.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbVIDCE3bfgNRJJoUv3rfW2E7UtnnDPI1ZRSzxk7HR0ipj5Z1tW1TiWuarbiwxJBqE-jcOOAXqLCTCAC6utXf95a6dKnpvTSANgSc3jQeA4PLgScMKHCTTD0sSJivOVWgfkc6awBKoBeU/s1600/LIONFISH.JPG" height="262" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i>The Lionfish which was previously unknown to America is now found <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16.7999992370605px; text-align: start;"> from Rhode Island to Belize.</span><br />PHOTO BY CLAUDIA NEUNER</i></span></td></tr>
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An invasive species is one that exist in a habitat in which it does not belong. When a foreign species arrive at a new location, it can either find its new habitat unsuitable and die off or thrive and take over the habitat. The later occurs due to the lack of its predators to control its population. <br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u>Killer Algae <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(<span style="border: 0px; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Caulerpa taxifolia</span>):</span></u></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj21JbW7f7D9RpxvTIzVXZ8aHU2RGh04mceCSbutfzaUX2AQr-tV_pcf2SdWVDi_a3T2VvqU5syJWhB0O4csPLEYhR4Nn_QoXOoIChyZjDPQe2aa1X2JlOXl1wX0lwlivRZJi-8IG03g50/s1600/Caulerpa+taxifolia.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj21JbW7f7D9RpxvTIzVXZ8aHU2RGh04mceCSbutfzaUX2AQr-tV_pcf2SdWVDi_a3T2VvqU5syJWhB0O4csPLEYhR4Nn_QoXOoIChyZjDPQe2aa1X2JlOXl1wX0lwlivRZJi-8IG03g50/s1600/Caulerpa+taxifolia.jpg" height="292" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>PHOTO BY ANTOIE N' YEURT</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">The hybrid form of Caulerpa taxifolia came about due to the aquarium business. They wanted to find and bred a type of seaweed that can be used in commercially saltwater aquarium and have a attractive colour and form, making a nice backdrop for exotic fishes. However, after being exposed to chemicals and ultraviolet light for a long period of time, Caulerpa taxifolia became mutated. The species than leaked out into the </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">environment</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> when samples of it was </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">transferred</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> around. </span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">The hybrid seaweed is very strong and can survive in nutrients </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">depleted areas, polluted water and in a wide range of temperature. As a result of being leaked</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> into the environment, the </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">species can</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> cover the entire seabed. It produces </span></span><span style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">toxins that is harmful to certain fishes and invertebrates and their eggs. Furthermore, there is hardly any marine organism that feed on it. The plant grows unrestrained and many marine organism leaves the area. </span></span></span><br />
<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u><br /></u></span></span></span>
<span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><u> Zebra Mussel (<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Dreissena polymorpha):</span></u></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLL0mjmQIHkWHsMO2HmMNV1LLbL7kiZXWlJQMjvLAU44xl5LH3yrxVbGRlgsbdgtAMEALcDsmT69hj621xRl91Q0ZeZlYFqLbnJWIer-4o8DUIUa0VYnYy02SaBeyr84_jt5KEm_KTnZg/s1600/Large-Zebra-Mussel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLL0mjmQIHkWHsMO2HmMNV1LLbL7kiZXWlJQMjvLAU44xl5LH3yrxVbGRlgsbdgtAMEALcDsmT69hj621xRl91Q0ZeZlYFqLbnJWIer-4o8DUIUa0VYnYy02SaBeyr84_jt5KEm_KTnZg/s1600/Large-Zebra-Mussel.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>PHOTO BY USFWS</i></span></td></tr>
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The Zebra mussels were accidentally introduced by cargo ships in the North American Great Lakes from the Black Sea. Many marine species are stowed away in ship ballast and get released at the ships' destination. In the case of the Zebra mussels, it multiplied rapidly and staved out the Great Lake's native mussels species and got in the way of man made structures (e.g factory pipes and ships rudders). It has further spread to Canada and Mexico and a lot of money is spent annually to remove the species. </div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">Cotton, K.I. 2005. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Introduced Species Summary Project: Killer Algae </span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/Caulerpa_taxifolia.htm" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/inv_spp_summ/Caulerpa_taxifolia.htm</a></span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 27 October 14]</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">Ocean portal. 2014. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5 Invasive Species You Should Know</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-news/5-invasive-species-you-should-know" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-news/5-invasive-species-you-should-know</a></span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 27 October 14].</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">National geographic. 2014. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Marine Invasive Species</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/critical-issues-marine-invasive-species/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/critical-issues-marine-invasive-species/</a></span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 27 October 14].</span></span> </div>
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<u><br /></u>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-67266929171570679232014-10-24T19:36:00.000-07:002014-10-24T19:36:09.044-07:00Climate change and ocean acidification impacts on corals<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH-p87IU860QMzwCrMXQFMC_rX3KsyRRk0OnBQJmpOfZIPTNIfDps6591ZJNr5WU0FwPzHhOIno7plUjiWry2s5_m8tHdN57AoSY_3KIYT8AaDe6AbJ9ZZA-vTvnTXu4DZm8cy3brMPwg/s1600/coralBleaching_1681108c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH-p87IU860QMzwCrMXQFMC_rX3KsyRRk0OnBQJmpOfZIPTNIfDps6591ZJNr5WU0FwPzHhOIno7plUjiWry2s5_m8tHdN57AoSY_3KIYT8AaDe6AbJ9ZZA-vTvnTXu4DZm8cy3brMPwg/s1600/coralBleaching_1681108c.jpg" height="250" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i>PHOTO BY ALAMY</i></div>
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Higher water temperature, brought about by increased carbon dioxide in atmosphere have adverse impact on coral reefs. Warmer temperature stress corals, causing zooxanthella to die or be expelled from the corals. This causes corals to lose their colour and turn white as the algae gives the coral its colour. Bleached corals are unhealthy and weak - less able to fight against diseases (Teachoceanscience, 2014).<br />
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Furthermore, as mentioned earlier posts, increase in carbon dioxide results to ocean acidification which leads to shells dissolving in the more acidic water. Likewise for corals, they are unable to absorb the calcium carbonate needed for their skeleton, and in the acidic water, the skeleton which supports coral reefs will dissolve.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOTkkL2yugZHAgLUDYopp_YzFdcS4FjkHvpqo3qNYED60GmVqGKrAHvutvu4vtylDlY5EIJ4oM1hiDMnzSSOq_WqdG_rHNf0jJJ1XfjkOvptfUu-5eIlkZWjbaWrVVervsfxnwqWK-gis/s1600/pre_acid_lge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOTkkL2yugZHAgLUDYopp_YzFdcS4FjkHvpqo3qNYED60GmVqGKrAHvutvu4vtylDlY5EIJ4oM1hiDMnzSSOq_WqdG_rHNf0jJJ1XfjkOvptfUu-5eIlkZWjbaWrVVervsfxnwqWK-gis/s1600/pre_acid_lge.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<i style="color: #666666; font-size: medium;">Healthy corals</i></div>
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<i>PHOTO BY HALL-SPENCER ET AL. 2008</i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoEXR7Sg7EWt-wqRD6188TInhnlkRqlgY6fXOczXU3i3ayP0JHVfS8YuPFTx9VmvtP3blvUCjPKTDsZNuFE9gp05Ulgo-6qaTZL3ofa2jprnnPxoAWuy7DGaMmtIOm195NglvGBxFC_hc/s1600/post_acid_lge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoEXR7Sg7EWt-wqRD6188TInhnlkRqlgY6fXOczXU3i3ayP0JHVfS8YuPFTx9VmvtP3blvUCjPKTDsZNuFE9gp05Ulgo-6qaTZL3ofa2jprnnPxoAWuy7DGaMmtIOm195NglvGBxFC_hc/s1600/post_acid_lge.jpg" height="256" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<i style="color: #666666; font-size: medium;">Unhealthy corals with their skeleton structure partially destroyed</i></div>
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<i>PHOTO BY HALL-SPENCER ET AL. 2008</i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">Teachoceanscience.(2014) </span><span style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How does climate change affect coral reefs</span><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><u style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.teachoceanscience.net/teaching_resources/education_modules/coral_reefs_and_climate_change/how_does_climate_change_affect_coral_reefs/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.teachoceanscience.net/teaching_resources/education_modules/coral_reefs_and_climate_change/how_does_climate_change_affect_coral_reefs/</a></u><span style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 25 October 14].</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-68494680217576388512014-10-23T07:38:00.000-07:002014-10-23T07:38:07.691-07:00Ocean acidification: a shell game<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHFPCu6H-G1qJbSq3UXTu6CrYtpM1WsozTAx_TkRPkctARmk_qeEKhS0Vgkpd6PwzUwSDXLMkNVTG6lAjfAFcmul08FISlDcGw_jZkzrM8lkCbSpfwsg8Md9vkWS0Gxh5frZ3SVN_4Cu8/s1600/landscapes+nature+beach+shells+2560x1440+wallpaper_www.wall321.com_96.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHFPCu6H-G1qJbSq3UXTu6CrYtpM1WsozTAx_TkRPkctARmk_qeEKhS0Vgkpd6PwzUwSDXLMkNVTG6lAjfAFcmul08FISlDcGw_jZkzrM8lkCbSpfwsg8Md9vkWS0Gxh5frZ3SVN_4Cu8/s1600/landscapes+nature+beach+shells+2560x1440+wallpaper_www.wall321.com_96.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><i style="background-color: white;">PHOTO FROM WALL321.COM</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere dissolve in the ocean water and combines with calcium to form calcium carbonated, which is needed to form shells. While some shelled marine organism increase their shell building, others partially dissolves in water with high carbon dioxide levels. In such waters, although there is more carbon available for shell formation, organism can only benefit if they can convert it into their shells and at the same time prevent their shells from dissolving in the more acidic water. Studies has found that different organism adapt differently in high carbon dioxide waters. While there is no observable change in shell building for large Caribbean snails, spines of pencil urchins dissolve to stumps in carbon rich waters. Other shell fishes' (oysters, clams and scallops) shell building rate decreases. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSndkdEikUIQvv59S8CgaLJQ70Bj-KDa6gkkMLc9DvAoO5gg-LsL69fbMEe43ZXOT4BtfipJXHG4VfldsQgsGcxHCXiZwFGiyWis55vlCSnUTKUXd3Bzkl2ZCa0amx6CApjE5sJnl2Nyc/s1600/Screenshot+(3).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><i><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSndkdEikUIQvv59S8CgaLJQ70Bj-KDa6gkkMLc9DvAoO5gg-LsL69fbMEe43ZXOT4BtfipJXHG4VfldsQgsGcxHCXiZwFGiyWis55vlCSnUTKUXd3Bzkl2ZCa0amx6CApjE5sJnl2Nyc/s1600/Screenshot+(3).png" height="266" width="400" /></span></i></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">The urchin on the left is gown in carbon dioxide water rich water whereas the the one on the right is gown in normal conditions (it is healthier with normal spines).</span></i></div>
<i><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">PHOTO BY TOM KLEINDINST</span></i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">However, for certain crustaceans, it was tested that they grew heavier shells in carbon dioxide rich water. These species include American lobster, blue crab and a large prawn. </span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrNimPaUJP9EvKDKL4cLxBpd_RydvPDwO_6yPmCuZbKTnZyUfGEQpMj0xgSVL__nVMJLU1_r2m2HlwWIPrSCEffJD14wsTXPKiY20fp4JnAt6wtOLwLKQu7w50zlbohPCugNwcUn6UZFE/s1600/Screenshot+(4).png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrNimPaUJP9EvKDKL4cLxBpd_RydvPDwO_6yPmCuZbKTnZyUfGEQpMj0xgSVL__nVMJLU1_r2m2HlwWIPrSCEffJD14wsTXPKiY20fp4JnAt6wtOLwLKQu7w50zlbohPCugNwcUn6UZFE/s1600/Screenshot+(4).png" height="265" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">American lobster grown in high carbon dioxide waters (right) grew larger and heavier shell as compared to those grown in normal conditions (left)<br /><div style="text-align: right;">
<i><span style="color: #999999; font-size: small;">PHOTO BY JUSTIN RIES</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">As a result, ocean acidification will cause some species to thrive and benefit over others. The main concern is for species that are unable to adapt well to the change in ocean's acidity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"> " Given the complex relationships that exist among benthic marine organisms", said Ries, " it is difficult to predict how even subtle changes in organisms' abilities to calcify will ultimately work their way through these ecosystems."</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">-Kate Madin</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: inherit;">This blog post is based on the report 'Ocean acidification: a risky shell game'</span></i></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">WHOI, 2010. Ocean acidification: a risky shell game. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Oceanus magazine</span><span style="line-height: 16px;">, [Online]. 48 (1), 6-7. Available at: </span><a href="http://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/OceanAcid_68964.pdf" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://www.whoi.edu/cms/files/OceanAcid_68964.pdf</a><span style="line-height: 16px;"> [Accessed 23 October 2014].</span></span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-8400318611448144762014-10-18T05:47:00.000-07:002014-10-18T05:51:57.023-07:00Ocean acidification<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaeZhWdck4dtSxxEPw5rycDbG83qIYzyI7PumKDwnOBBcWF-ox5hgbjSGxnc68Xnhkk4dhQS6xuMndjKgtKT5qkdf_HYvsu-QDaOifDbykXKuleHPnFDv0c_mRMHhen4T84RyzLW9tPf8/s1600/feature_ocean_acidification_inline.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaeZhWdck4dtSxxEPw5rycDbG83qIYzyI7PumKDwnOBBcWF-ox5hgbjSGxnc68Xnhkk4dhQS6xuMndjKgtKT5qkdf_HYvsu-QDaOifDbykXKuleHPnFDv0c_mRMHhen4T84RyzLW9tPf8/s1600/feature_ocean_acidification_inline.jpg" height="310" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #797670; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; line-height: 14.0039987564087px; text-align: left;"><i><span style="font-size: small;">Carbon dioxide given off by vehicles, power plants and other human sources gas combines with seawater to form</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">.</span><br /><span style="font-size: small;">ILLUSTRATION BY SARAH YOUNGGUIST</span></i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br />Ocean acidification, also known as "global warming's evil twin", it is a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, the only difference is that we do not feel or see the impacts as it is happening underwater. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is absorbed into the ocean and is converted into carbonic acid which lowers the ocean pH. This has been implicated in having adverse impacts on vertebrates, molluscs, corals and crustaceans (Wittmann and Pörtner, 2013), and it has also been suggest to have future impacts on fisheries (Cooley and Doney, 2009), food security (UNEP, 2010), sustainable development (UN-DESA, 2009). Subsequent blog post will talk about the impacts of ocean acidification on marine life. <br /><br />References:<br /><br />Wittmann, A.C. & Pörtner, H. (2013) Sensitivities of extant animal taxa to ocean acidification. Nature Climate Change. [Online] 3 (8). p. 995–1001. Available from: <a href="http://www.iaea.org/ocean-acidification/download/9_Data%20Management/DMS%20pres/OA%20database_as_neededHPshort.pdf">http://www.iaea.org/ocean-acidification/download/9_Data%20Management/DMS%20pres/OA%20database_as_neededHPshort.pdf</a>. [Accessed: 25 September 2014]. <br /><br />Cooley, S.R. & Doney, S.C. (2009) Anticipating ocean acidification's economic consequences for commercial fisheries. Environmental Research Letters. [Online] 4 (2), 024007. Available from: <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/2/024007/fulltext/">http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/4/2/024007/fulltext/</a>. [Accessed: 26 September 2014].<br /><br />UNEP. (2010) Environmental Consequences of Ocean Acidification: A Threat to Food Security. UNEP Emerging Issues. United Nations Environment Programme. Nairobi: Kenya. Available from: <a href="http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Ocean_Acidification.pdf">http://www.unep.org/dewa/Portals/67/pdf/Ocean_Acidification.pdf</a>. [Accessed: 26 September 2014].<br /><br />UN-DESA. (2009) Ocean Acidification: A Hidden Risk for Sustainable Development. Copenhagen Policy Brief. [Online] 1. p. 1-4. Available from: <a href="http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/cop15_policy_brief_1.pdf">http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/cop15_policy_brief_1.pdf</a>. [Accessed: 26 September 2014].</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-39153723852354467122014-10-11T23:45:00.004-07:002014-10-11T23:45:53.263-07:00Cyanide fishing<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyDAc4Np04oZMpJfZdBw_lFbvte4T8X_OktBZ2KkS_wMrMYwKPEKB195dn2vzs2WglKifvk9srQo2LHUUPp6ADANVfzdPQsZO8vk6nzTx7E3ceYTEz5446LU4G_aOk698pZs_uLD2wmX0/s1600/120522110301-large.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyDAc4Np04oZMpJfZdBw_lFbvte4T8X_OktBZ2KkS_wMrMYwKPEKB195dn2vzs2WglKifvk9srQo2LHUUPp6ADANVfzdPQsZO8vk6nzTx7E3ceYTEz5446LU4G_aOk698pZs_uLD2wmX0/s1600/120522110301-large.jpg" height="265" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>Sea aquarium<br />PHOTO BY CALEK/ FOTOLIA </i></span></td></tr>
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Ever wonder how your sea aquarium fishes are caught? These marine fishes are caught by cyanide fishing. Unlike dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing does not physically destroy coral reefs, but rather killing the <span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 19.5px;">zooxanthellae</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> algae in coral polyps. Although it is illegal, it is easy to carry out and escape detection, thus making it a popular fishing method for capturing live exotic fishes for </span>aquariums or popular edible fishes (e.g grouper)<span style="font-family: inherit;">. Crushed sodium cyanide is mixed with salt water and stored in plastic bottles which divers bring down to squirt the mixture into nooks and crannies of coral reefs in order to stun the fishes. It was found that fishes that ingest cyanide developed cancer within 1 year of capture ( <span style="line-height: 24px;">Earth Talk, 2011). Besides just affecting the fishes captured, cyanide poison fish eggs and kills other fishes </span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">(Mak, Yanase, Renneberg, 2005). It also poison coral polyps, killing zooxanthellae which is the provider of food and colour for the corals, thus resulting in coral bleaching. Furthermore, divers may physically break coral reefs in order to catch the stunned fishes that hide in </span></span><span style="background-color: white;">crevasse<span style="font-family: inherit;">. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBRFXhSIstIGU05VR8GMFpvR1GpoIzMLSGWxHbMVDlu6_OUDK5y9Ykfwszk_HN2AuZz6PFmUxceEBRhuXCbvwua_z-tkeuW5XNmBwTrpFO1v98aKNufR1cKuXvXuCkqin-_dLtRVmcfWc/s1600/G-361.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBRFXhSIstIGU05VR8GMFpvR1GpoIzMLSGWxHbMVDlu6_OUDK5y9Ykfwszk_HN2AuZz6PFmUxceEBRhuXCbvwua_z-tkeuW5XNmBwTrpFO1v98aKNufR1cKuXvXuCkqin-_dLtRVmcfWc/s1600/G-361.gif" height="400" width="272" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>Cyanide fishing<br />PHOTO BY OCEAN PLANET</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Although cyanide fishing creates a lot of revenue for countries, the destruction it </span>causes<span style="font-family: inherit;"> is more significant than its rewards. Coral reefs are depleting at a much faster rate than they can grow back. It is important that we protect marine life; they cannot protect themselves from humans. </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">References: </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">Earth Talk. 2011. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">How Dangerous Is It to Use Cyanide to Catch Fish?</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cyanide-fishing/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cyanide-fishing/</a></span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 12 October 14].</span></span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><br /></span></span></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Karen K. W. MAK, Hideshi YANASE, and Reinhard RENNEBERG. 2005. Cyanide fishing and cyanide detection in coral reef fish using chemical tests and biosensors. Biosensors & bioelectronics. Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 2581-2593.</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-31322752202108418872014-10-11T21:23:00.001-07:002014-10-11T23:47:05.215-07:00Dynamite fishing<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMku_PM_haIN9xQIf0KP125DjI3KijTa9P-f2FbjJKNva6cL4-M17DAJad0d1PidT7jy8SbgBxZdspL7-irefF8tX_4yhbw1_yeu0VIHdhGdEM8oUde-GC38Ghban-aYFJ0f2Z1XKEwMQ/s1600/0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: #444444;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMku_PM_haIN9xQIf0KP125DjI3KijTa9P-f2FbjJKNva6cL4-M17DAJad0d1PidT7jy8SbgBxZdspL7-irefF8tX_4yhbw1_yeu0VIHdhGdEM8oUde-GC38Ghban-aYFJ0f2Z1XKEwMQ/s1600/0.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
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<span style="color: #444444; font-size: small;"><i>Dynamite fishing</i></span></div>
<i><span style="color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">PHOTO FROM TRANSPARENTSEA</span></i></td></tr>
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Dynamite fishing is practiced in many countries and is a threat to marine animals and coral reefs in those areas. It involves throwing bottles of explosive made from fertilizers ( e.g potassium nitrate) into the sea. The explosion creates shock waves underwater, stunning or killing fishes, after which fishermen scoop the floating dead fishes from the surface or dive in to collect the fishes that sink to the seabed. However, besides just killing the targeted fishes, surrounding marine species and habitat are destroyed in the process. It is estimated that a 1 kg bottle bomb creates a crater of 1-2 meter in diameter, destroying 50%-80% of the coral reef in those areas ( Sea Shepherd, 2014). The coral reefs are reduce to rubble, turning the seabed into a "desert".<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53g1iK1XySt_EACjP2rOm2Ctp4RwjDS9YiND1PUlTh7RLTqTd34IQM1XGzpk3WmYLK-ZiOQywcGDVTJPQK4pSQIcwFCK3D93a4tmXhfbGe-SlrXA8_xwIP0N3yG2F4e1VrJpOEgzAZvA/s1600/dynamite_at_Capones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh53g1iK1XySt_EACjP2rOm2Ctp4RwjDS9YiND1PUlTh7RLTqTd34IQM1XGzpk3WmYLK-ZiOQywcGDVTJPQK4pSQIcwFCK3D93a4tmXhfbGe-SlrXA8_xwIP0N3yG2F4e1VrJpOEgzAZvA/s1600/dynamite_at_Capones.jpg" height="256" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i><span style="color: #444444; font-size: small;">A 1 litre coca-cola bottle filled with explosive materials found near Capone island</span></i></div>
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<i><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;">PHOTO BY DIVEGALLERY</span></i></div>
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This method is relatively cheaper and faster compared to other fishing methods. Local fishermen can easily make explosive from common fertilizes, aluminum blast caps and matchsticks. As a result, it is widely practiced by the poor and the greedy for easy money.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYpNxXfKltnA4H9XiDuzBedOaG8Bmh4Zq05o1-YWIh7EZL3veHvErKWM-gDe77TVDgvGKAou6D6bs2oZYztPafYMHwAG4dSyqr6dTnmVOVYt16lHbOfCLCAL77u4w2c-JNjRpUh_Hx2vw/s1600/heff.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYpNxXfKltnA4H9XiDuzBedOaG8Bmh4Zq05o1-YWIh7EZL3veHvErKWM-gDe77TVDgvGKAou6D6bs2oZYztPafYMHwAG4dSyqr6dTnmVOVYt16lHbOfCLCAL77u4w2c-JNjRpUh_Hx2vw/s1600/heff.jpg" height="296" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><i><span style="color: #444444; font-size: small;">PHOTO BY MARCOS CHRISTATO</span></i></td></tr>
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Blast fishing is illegal and destroy the marine ecosystem and habitat. Furthermore, fishermen are prone to injures and accidents through this method of fishing. We need to stop blasting fishes!<br />
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References:<br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">Sea Shepherd. 2014. </span></span><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Operation reef defense: protecting coral reefs worldwide</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at: </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://www.seashepherd.org/reef-defense/destructive-fishing.html" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.seashepherd.org/reef-defense/destructive-fishing.html</a></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 12 October 14].</span></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-68421555298016127102014-09-28T09:47:00.000-07:002014-09-28T09:47:49.484-07:00Bottom Trawling<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fGkQaTgLEh5xcKDFCmgSz-SH_2KoXTOmOHqxj6gl6zzBW0YcuHdD_2Uw348y_qgRQNXdDAfHQadhFvuiSl8DWeEjd4GagLMGKLm3mnHOYJ1xUDctHpESm90KorUXr-HjO1XofE6teZE/s1600/bottom_trawling.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fGkQaTgLEh5xcKDFCmgSz-SH_2KoXTOmOHqxj6gl6zzBW0YcuHdD_2Uw348y_qgRQNXdDAfHQadhFvuiSl8DWeEjd4GagLMGKLm3mnHOYJ1xUDctHpESm90KorUXr-HjO1XofE6teZE/s1600/bottom_trawling.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>PHOTO BY SAVE OUR SEA FOUNDATION</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Bottom trawling is a industrial fishing method whereby huge nets with heavy weights are drag across the seabed, scooping up everything in its path. This method is usually used in catching fishes<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"> that live on the seafloor, such as shrimp, cod, sole and flounder</span></span> (</span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">Marine Conservation Institute, 2014).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">One consequence of bottom trawling is that it rakes up large amount of sediments on the seabed, which adsorbs contaminants in the ocean. Frequent trawling causes </span></span><span style="line-height: 21px;">plume of sediment floating above the seabed and can be seen from pictures captured from the sky. Research has shown that marine life (such as mussels, benthic, prawns and flatfish)</span><span style="line-height: 21px;"> living on the seabed are particularly at risk as they end up adsorbing the contaminants ( European Commission, 2012). </span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGH14jN-ClmqfC86pdTF9Jsvf7PdzIOKTdJKf8QnhIY_hgsHh95IXbRXTDYKkwAZeQGhk2sMjuoFBDuYRlPHRicLgVXFdTitdI5RJpJrjWtcfmOCKK8InqW8uoJQd64zJkdzzNFaypneg/s1600/sbm-080220-trawling-plumes-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGH14jN-ClmqfC86pdTF9Jsvf7PdzIOKTdJKf8QnhIY_hgsHh95IXbRXTDYKkwAZeQGhk2sMjuoFBDuYRlPHRicLgVXFdTitdI5RJpJrjWtcfmOCKK8InqW8uoJQd64zJkdzzNFaypneg/s1600/sbm-080220-trawling-plumes-02.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i style="background-color: white;">Landsat image showing <span style="text-align: start;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">pervasive sediment plumes</span></span></i></span><br />
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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i style="background-color: white;"><span style="text-align: start;"><i style="line-height: 18px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: start;">PHOTO BY SKY</span></i><span style="background-color: transparent; line-height: 18px; text-align: center;">TRUTH</span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">Another impact of bottom trawling is its destruction to the seabed habitat. The method is unselective and besides the targeted species, many other species are</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;"> caught and thrown away as by-catch. Corals, which serves as a habitat for many other marine life, dominate the by-catch, leaving the ocean floor bare. Since coral reefs are estimated to only grow by millimeters per year (</span></span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">Tracey et al, 2007)</span></span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">, recovery of coral ecosystem will be very slow. This leaves the marine ecosystem permanently damaged. </span></span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_AkKMtePgZKlOHKdfXxOKPjzc8ndNH6YJ-vkmdz80s3GX9ExJe6aSV1Oedj7TwJbiTBsxloWET6RaOuI46n-sd-GG4B1INDQlJLkHMt9DXpA1KYJfrYiFn1nmNdu20yQC8xP1XpLIWK4/s1600/6a0120a7fc3be9970b019b03434f1f970c-800wi+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_AkKMtePgZKlOHKdfXxOKPjzc8ndNH6YJ-vkmdz80s3GX9ExJe6aSV1Oedj7TwJbiTBsxloWET6RaOuI46n-sd-GG4B1INDQlJLkHMt9DXpA1KYJfrYiFn1nmNdu20yQC8xP1XpLIWK4/s1600/6a0120a7fc3be9970b019b03434f1f970c-800wi+(1).jpg" height="248" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-size: small;"><i>PHOTO BY NOAA</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> References:</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">Marine Conservation Institute. (2014). </span><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Destructive Fishing</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at: </span><u style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://www.marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/how-we-fish/destructive-fishing/" style="border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">https://www.marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/how-we-fish/destructive-fishing/</a></u><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 29 September 14].</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">European Commission. (2012). Pollutants released by seafloor trawling affect marine life . </span><span style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Science for environment policy</span><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;">, [Online]. 309 (12). Available at:</span><a href="http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/309na3_en.pdf" style="border: 0px; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/309na3_en.pdf</a><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"> [Accessed 29 September 2014].</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 21px;">Tracey D.M. et al. </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">(2007) Deep-sea scleractinian coral age and </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">depth distributions in the northwest Atlantic for the last </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 21px;">225,000 years. Bull Mar Sci 81:371–391</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-61670253791367200362014-09-14T09:53:00.005-07:002014-09-14T09:54:14.670-07:00SHARKS!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPFkmGr-Yri8K9D8ThdcLFPREbAn7Gbh02s9GjFCfJT0cpPueonzVLes3ixMC0XZkB5XzwI9UfgTGW0JtGBSKZXx2NozDgBkSxs0pPKvBwBPnP24F9qTPq-QMVqU7i0fEZwFhPi0oRQPw/s1600/_77559452_oceanicwhitetipphotograph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPFkmGr-Yri8K9D8ThdcLFPREbAn7Gbh02s9GjFCfJT0cpPueonzVLes3ixMC0XZkB5XzwI9UfgTGW0JtGBSKZXx2NozDgBkSxs0pPKvBwBPnP24F9qTPq-QMVqU7i0fEZwFhPi0oRQPw/s1600/_77559452_oceanicwhitetipphotograph.jpg" height="223" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<i style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Oceanic white-tip killed for their fin.</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Today i was just browsing through BBC news and came across the article "First ban on shark and manta ray trade comes into force". 5 types of sharks are protected under the ban - the oceanic white-tip, the porbeagle and three other species of hammerhead sharks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />It is surprising how long it took for the ban to come into place. According to McGrath, efforts against unregulated trade of sharks started since the 1990s but only managed to be achieved last year at the Cites meeting in Bangkok.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Due to increased shark attacks in western Australia, 172 sharks were culled in a 13 week trial, of which none of the 172 caught was a white shark (BBC, 2014). Also, shark's fin soup is a traditional Chinese dish that serves as a symbol of status and wealth. In the past, Chinese believed that the absence of shark's fin soup at a wedding is an indicator that the bride is marring into a poor family. Although people know that it is not true now, 2 out of 3 recent wedding dinners that i have attended still serve shark's fin.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAW5G6Gdla1KH1EPK42SxlNsgaX0D1NhLHk9VQKt89DpJ6fREQytx6lJZ2Nt5CVmii1D45OBkXwJUXnaKefaJo9M-b0-ezPTCzX_nQ18LnXxpLwmP-o09DD8UcRJVxeoHBUUYbocjv_sU/s1600/360_sharkfin_soup_0803.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAW5G6Gdla1KH1EPK42SxlNsgaX0D1NhLHk9VQKt89DpJ6fREQytx6lJZ2Nt5CVmii1D45OBkXwJUXnaKefaJo9M-b0-ezPTCzX_nQ18LnXxpLwmP-o09DD8UcRJVxeoHBUUYbocjv_sU/s1600/360_sharkfin_soup_0803.jpg" height="208" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<i style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;">Shark's fin soup</i></div>
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<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i><i>PHOTO BY <span style="line-height: 22px; text-align: right;">PAUL HILTON</span></i></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After watching Jaw by Steven Spielberg at the age of 8, I really hated sharks and would gobble up shark's fin (although its tasteless), hoping to kill all the sharks in the world. Its all in the past now and I refrain from eating it whenever I can. When planning my sister's upcoming wedding dinner, we requested the restaurant to swap shark's fin with crab meat. Hopefully our younger generation will discard the traditional thinking that we must have shark's fin at weddings.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">References: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">BBC News. (2014). <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 16px;">Matt McGrath: </span>First ban on shark and manta ray trade comes into force. [ONLINE]. September 2014. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29175592. [Accessed 14 September 2014]<br /><br />BBC News. (2014). More than 170 sharks caught under Australia cull policy. [ONLINE]. May 2014. Available at: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27304580. [Accessed 14 September 2014]</span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-91024466211144428452014-09-11T06:39:00.000-07:002014-09-11T06:39:41.025-07:00Love seafood??<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLVKbE7_MBOCaxvpdK4owRsMFwlmpZ5faOFj0QxK8vovQXshRRPMM8wZ4tuaAiQSIHDhI-vJDWSdHkWcBDnselXEWmd6sOAP3nU39glgzRxbBuQtYUqLb7aCnVlqOzE8Csf1gyEDwd7js/s1600/overfishing.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLVKbE7_MBOCaxvpdK4owRsMFwlmpZ5faOFj0QxK8vovQXshRRPMM8wZ4tuaAiQSIHDhI-vJDWSdHkWcBDnselXEWmd6sOAP3nU39glgzRxbBuQtYUqLb7aCnVlqOzE8Csf1gyEDwd7js/s1600/overfishing.gif" height="278" width="400" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For seafood lovers, it is always good when the fish is big, so that there is more for everyone, isn't it? The bigger the better! But if everyone thinks that way, we are going to keep fishing the big fishes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">We have already consumed 90% of the big fishes- <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">turtles, tunas, sharks and whales (</span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">Earle 2009). Even the small fishes are depleting due to bottom trawl fisheries. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">Before young fishes gets to grow big, we fish them out.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">World hunger is not a problem of production but that of distribution. For every 1 pound that reaches the market, 100 pounds gets thrown away as bycatch (</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">Earle 2009). A simplified illustrated of the extent of wastage is that for every 1 sardine you eat, 300 gets thrown away(rough estimation using the average weight of sardine given by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife). If we are not careful and continue unsustainable fishing, world hunger would turn into a problem of production when there no more fishes in the ocean.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>PHOTO BY WESTERN SAHARA RESOURCE WATCH</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.7999992370605px;">References: </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">Earle. S. 2009. TED: </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">My wish: Protect our oceans</span><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Online Video]. February 2009. Available from:</span><a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://www.ted.com/talks/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans</a><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed: 20 August 2014]</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">Washington Department of Fishing and Wildlife. 2011. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Purse Seine Fishery for Pacific Sardine- Sardine Biology</span><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at: </span><u style="line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/commercial/sardine/biology.html" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/commercial/sardine/biology.html</a></u><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 11 September 14].</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-41439493803597874392014-09-05T02:17:00.001-07:002014-09-11T06:39:16.825-07:00Plastic sea<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6GHJn6mgi-3-2IduJ-16cXEn_hPiDqSWimD3ZvPjcXKJMOss98dbzk5Qgx0-6GQae5mCQD58Of4ecfdSgpBZKqNSOUvgIFNFWuJyMibOqR88-kJ5i4gOxOGzjQ4p9A-0AcKNqMtCDBxI/s1600/27593.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6GHJn6mgi-3-2IduJ-16cXEn_hPiDqSWimD3ZvPjcXKJMOss98dbzk5Qgx0-6GQae5mCQD58Of4ecfdSgpBZKqNSOUvgIFNFWuJyMibOqR88-kJ5i4gOxOGzjQ4p9A-0AcKNqMtCDBxI/s1600/27593.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since my previous post in on plastics, I shall continue with another post on plastic pollution. According to <span style="line-height: 25px;">Captain Charles Moore, 90% of the trash found in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is plastic. The Great Pacific Garbage, also known as Trash Vortex, lies between Hawaii and California. Litter gets pick up by ocean gyre current and get deposited in the centre of the gyre, where it is relatively calm. The circular motion of the gyre current traps and prevents litter from escaping, resulting in an accumulation of ocean debris. Although most debris may be small and very noticeable, the Pacific Trash Vortex is estimated to be larger than Texas (NOAA, 2013). </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWG3JRU_5EYa8PWTh5KEOGi3XsyxZwqox2Wc8szt0fL0sq-wiHyJUFcKh4N2yzmfKdd-vnGFHhRpCr6ZLEwdPs4OFIRDoeY7c8BJQCMgeSvOyQB3zPgFzS9dHhU5yDknRCEwQsF3_OVn4/s1600/Ocean_trash.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWG3JRU_5EYa8PWTh5KEOGi3XsyxZwqox2Wc8szt0fL0sq-wiHyJUFcKh4N2yzmfKdd-vnGFHhRpCr6ZLEwdPs4OFIRDoeY7c8BJQCMgeSvOyQB3zPgFzS9dHhU5yDknRCEwQsF3_OVn4/s1600/Ocean_trash.gif" height="306" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i style="background-color: white;">SOURCE: GREENPEACE</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="text-align: left;">The tricky part to cleaning up our mess is how not to further harm marine wildlife. </span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 16.8999996185303px;">Angelicque White, a scientist from</span></span><span style="line-height: 16.8999996185303px; text-align: left;"> Oregon State University, points out that plankton will be remove from the ocean when we try to fish out all the</span><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="line-height: 16.8999996185303px;"> trash, thus further affecting the marine ecosystem. Why than should we go through all the complicated measure when we can start reducing our waste instead?</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 16.8999996185303px; text-align: left;">"</span><span style="text-align: left;">The problem is that the barriers to gyre cleanup are so massive that the vast majority of the scientific and advocacy community believe it’s a fool’s errand – the ocean is big, the plastic harvested is near worthless, and sea life would be harmed. The solutions starts on land" (</span><span style="line-height: 16.8999996185303px; text-align: left;">Wilson, 2013)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">NOAA (2013). </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">How Big Is the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch"? Science vs. Myth</span><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">. [ONLINE] Available at:</span><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;"><a href="http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/how-big-great-pacific-garbage-patch-science-vs-myth.html" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/about/media/how-big-great-pacific-garbage-patch-science-vs-myth.html</a></span><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">. [Accessed 05 September 14].</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">Wilson, S. (2013). </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start; vertical-align: baseline;">The Fallacy of Cleaning the Gyres of Plastic With a Floating "Ocean Cleanup Array" Read more: The Fallacy of Cleaning the Gyres of Plastic With a Floating "Ocean Cleanup Array" </span><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">. [ONLINE] Available at: </span><u style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;"><a href="http://inhabitat.com/the-fallacy-of-cleaning-the-gyres-of-plastic-with-a-floating-ocean-cleanup-array/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://inhabitat.com/the-fallacy-of-cleaning-the-gyres-of-plastic-with-a-floating-ocean-cleanup-array/</a></u><span style="line-height: 16px; text-align: start;">. [Accessed 05 September 14].</span></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-5594771274397073382014-08-28T07:32:00.000-07:002014-09-11T06:39:30.708-07:00Plastics on our face<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNelZjqEHGJQmQhWEPs9Pch5dVIIZcEvR37acqhuFZhQbJI35KIZu9I9kYDEIXdypN-9zhmffpsTADYM6v_M4et776_M99wZEoxP12-ciXDdJoXu2kV2KCHX5P-_2TltilgdRzV7vPbw/s1600/Manta21_microplastic_.jpg.662x0_q100_crop-scale.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifNelZjqEHGJQmQhWEPs9Pch5dVIIZcEvR37acqhuFZhQbJI35KIZu9I9kYDEIXdypN-9zhmffpsTADYM6v_M4et776_M99wZEoxP12-ciXDdJoXu2kV2KCHX5P-_2TltilgdRzV7vPbw/s1600/Manta21_microplastic_.jpg.662x0_q100_crop-scale.jpg" height="262" title="" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px; line-height: 24px;"><i>PHOTO BY 5GYRES</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Just today, during my environmental engineering lecture, a guest speaker came to talk to us about the micro plastics that is floating in our waters. These plastic particles are usually less than 5mm in size and are often mistaken as food (fish eggs) by birds, fishes and other wildlife. Wildlife researchers have found plastic pellets in the bellies of fishes and birds. When ingested, it causes liver and stomach problems, fishes and birds feel full although they are not actually consuming actual food and eventually die from it. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ECzz9sONfGs_KD-s2Oi2Ao4PNrrOLOIPWwRAZy62xT6g66NzGpqnRI4xvUherEEe2blXeHL-fXtN0zKED0dw7sAC3eaThXPcurmKJzUTtKbnAGOGP5NAwocepAAAqStZvKp6V87WE6o/s1600/plastic-albatross.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0ECzz9sONfGs_KD-s2Oi2Ao4PNrrOLOIPWwRAZy62xT6g66NzGpqnRI4xvUherEEe2blXeHL-fXtN0zKED0dw7sAC3eaThXPcurmKJzUTtKbnAGOGP5NAwocepAAAqStZvKp6V87WE6o/s1600/plastic-albatross.jpg" height="270" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.5px;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i> Albatross with belly full of plastic bottle caps</i></span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDtfWWhwt6TES6yaxQh-kO10ZSyFSIgwGZEpxeev-rc9VMKEzIx6uZa_pnfbBjhLlw1PQDx5vX93E1ShULGSd24mWyGyDEbTRysDEvRVHGEYM1IDErjvWNO-uH1qU7SFNJvsaOis8QMQ/s1600/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTDtfWWhwt6TES6yaxQh-kO10ZSyFSIgwGZEpxeev-rc9VMKEzIx6uZa_pnfbBjhLlw1PQDx5vX93E1ShULGSd24mWyGyDEbTRysDEvRVHGEYM1IDErjvWNO-uH1qU7SFNJvsaOis8QMQ/s1600/Rainbow-Runner_M-Eriksen.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; font-style: italic; line-height: 14.933333396911621px; text-align: left;">This Rainbow Runner, was found in the mid-Pacific Ocean in 2008 with 17 micro plastic bits found in its stomach.</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 14.933333396911621px;"><i>PHOTOS BY 5GYRES</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So how did all these micro plastic end up in the ocean? One of the sources highlighted by the speaker today was the use of plastic beads in <span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">exfoliating face and body washes. While it removes dead skin cells and give consumers a clean feeling, it is particularly problematic as it so small and is hard to be effectively removed by water treatment plants. </span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhvMiEesKAB9BxioqG699aFhn_c0IpP8mymmhyphenhyphenYyK2f1kxJ5FY-gR0wwelHTpRfly0HVNcE53CVWWhBmhAiYQAb03IRAkI-Z50RShCjC-RPYEiSOz2li4SDrQX8V7PZA_9zJawp9AX7Ic/s1600/products.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhvMiEesKAB9BxioqG699aFhn_c0IpP8mymmhyphenhyphenYyK2f1kxJ5FY-gR0wwelHTpRfly0HVNcE53CVWWhBmhAiYQAb03IRAkI-Z50RShCjC-RPYEiSOz2li4SDrQX8V7PZA_9zJawp9AX7Ic/s1600/products.jpg" height="300" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><i>Facial scrub which contains micro beads with Neutrogena Deep Clean containing the most.</i></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="line-height: 18px;">As responsible consumer, we sho</span><span style="line-height: 18px;">uld help minimise the problem by switching to cosmetics products that uses natural exfoliating beads. We can also look out for other major companies like Unilever, The Body Shop and Johnson & Johnson that have agreed to remove micro plastics from their products by 2015! </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;">For those who wants to do more, you can take part in the consumer petition campaign by 5Gyres called</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 32px;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px;">"</span><a href="http://5gyres.org/how_to_get_involved/action/" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #b6541e; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 32px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Get Plastic Off My Face And Out Of My Water Now!</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 32px;">"</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5384280342537017614.post-53434147604025872152014-08-20T02:47:00.000-07:002014-08-20T02:53:06.217-07:00Deep Deep Trouble!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Lp7yPh6tY8Hb7n1Sgi0dZsxtaxt_SEfpYOdSbzekb3d0EyPm3KYXeu_MIlbl237VsTqP1VuCCoxhJKH6lrMePBPl2_DPgnNsLVYFBg8vPIIPkRD2khX8Z35eEl_Sq6gVRJUgsBK-p9Y/s1600/oceans_impacts_seas_degradation_climate_change_coral_bleaching_acidification_q_48910.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8Lp7yPh6tY8Hb7n1Sgi0dZsxtaxt_SEfpYOdSbzekb3d0EyPm3KYXeu_MIlbl237VsTqP1VuCCoxhJKH6lrMePBPl2_DPgnNsLVYFBg8vPIIPkRD2khX8Z35eEl_Sq6gVRJUgsBK-p9Y/s1600/oceans_impacts_seas_degradation_climate_change_coral_bleaching_acidification_q_48910.jpg" height="255" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">"<span style="line-height: 20.799999237060547px;">Thousands have lived without love, not one without water" ( Auden, 2007). According to Fraser (2010) our ocean holds around 97.5 percent of all water on Earth, covering 71% of the Earth's surface. Due the vastness of the ocean, many people think that there is an unlimited supply we can take from the ocean without destroying it. However, the amount that we are fishing out or toxins that we are throwing in, together with climate change, is rapidly degrading our ocean. Ocean researcher Sylvia Earle ( TED 2009) stated that in 50 years time, there might not be fishes in our ocean anymore. While our forests and animals on land are also in danger, Sylvia highlights that since the problem is more obvious on land, there are more awareness and measures taken to protect them. However, more needs to be done to save our ocean before it is too late.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;">This blog aims to raise awareness on the harm that we humans are bringing to the ocean and what are its consequences. Hopefully, more people will response to it and start saving the ocean that we have destroyed.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;">References:</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 20.799999237060547px;"><span style="line-height: 16px;">The Poetic Quotidian. 2007. </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">W. H. Auden, "First Things First" / E K, "Second Thoughts"</span><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [ONLINE] Available at: </span><u style="line-height: 16px;"><a href="http://thepoeticquotidian.blogspot.sg/2007/02/w-h-auden-first-things-first-evan.html" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://thepoeticquotidian.blogspot.sg/2007/02/w-h-auden-first-things-first-evan.html</a></u><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed 20 August 14].</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fraser Cain. 2010. <em style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">What Percent of Earth is Water?</em>. [ONLINE] Available at:<u><a href="http://www.universetoday.com/65588/what-percent-of-earth-is-water/" style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">http://www.universetoday.com/65588/what-percent-of-earth-is-water/</a></u>. [Accessed 20 August 14].</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="line-height: 16px;">TED. (2009). </span><span style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sylvia Earle: My wish: Protect our oceans</span><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Online Video]. February 2009. Available from:</span><a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans" style="border: 0px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://www.ted.com/talks/sylvia_earle_s_ted_prize_wish_to_protect_our_oceans</a><span style="line-height: 16px;">. [Accessed: 20 August 2014].</span></span></span></div>
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<span id="rresults" style="border: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span><span style="background-color: #efefef; color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica; font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px;"></span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17250919789236074809noreply@blogger.com0